Islam, one of the world’s major religions, is historically divided into two major sects: Sunni and Shia. This division originated from a political dispute over who should succeed the Prophet Muhammad as the leader of the Muslim community after his death in 632 AD. Today, Shia Islam is the second-largest branch of Islam, representing about 10-15% of all Muslims worldwide. This article will delve into the world of Shia Muslims, exploring their beliefs, practices, and the core tenets of Shia Islam.
Shia Muslims, also known as Shiites, believe that the first caliph, or leader of the Muslim community, should have been Ali – the Prophet Muhammad’s cousin and son-in-law. Shia Muslims hold the belief that leadership should stay within the Prophet’s own family, among those specifically appointed by him, or among Imams appointed by God Himself.
The word “Shia” in Arabic means a group or supportive party of people. The commonly known term is shortened from the historical “Shia-t-Ali,” or “the Party of Ali.” They are also known as followers of “Ahl-al-Bayt” or “People of the Household” (of the Prophet).
Shia Islam, like Sunni Islam, is based on the Quran and the message of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. However, Shia Muslims also venerate certain religious authorities, known as Imams. Shia Muslims consider these Imams to be the rightful successors to Muhammad, and Shia Muslims believe that Allah chose them and are without sin.
Distinctive Shia practices include the commemoration of Ashura, a day of mourning for the martyrdom of Hussein ibn Ali, the grandson of Muhammad, at the Battle of Karbala. They also practice Ta’ziya, or passion plays re-enacting the Battle of Karbala, and celebrate the birthdays of their Imams, which Sunni Muslims do not.
Shia Islam is further divided into three major branches: Twelvers, Ismailis, and Zaidis. The Twelvers, also known as Imamiyah, is the largest branch and believe in twelve Imams. The Ismailis, also known as Seveners, believe in a line of Imams that ends with their seventh Imam, Ismail ibn Jafar. The Zaidis, also known as Fivers, believe in a line that ends with their fifth Imam, Zaid ibn Ali.
Despite these differences, Shia Muslims, like all other Muslims, believe in the core principles of Islam – the Five Pillars: Shahada (faith), Salah (prayer), Zakat (charity), Sawm (fasting during Ramadan), and Hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca). They also believe in the six articles of faith, which include belief in God, the Prophets, the Day of Judgment, the Imams, the Angels, and the Holy Scriptures.
Understanding the diversity within Islam is crucial in today’s global society. The beliefs and practices of Shia Muslims, although different from those of Sunni Muslims, are rooted in the same Islamic faith. Both sects have made significant contributions to Islamic and world civilization.
In conclusion, Shia Muslims and Shia Islam represent a rich tapestry of beliefs and practices that have shaped the course of Islamic history. Their unique interpretation of Islam and its teachings offers a fascinating insight into the diversity and complexity of one of the world’s major religions. As we strive for a world of mutual understanding and respect, it is essential to acknowledge and appreciate this diversity within our global community.
